Police And Police A New Criminal Justice System

This essay will start by identifying the history of the police and when did the term ‘new police’ have been established notifying the beginning of a new criminal justice system. It will than discuss how far is the new police witnessing more sophisticated era in responding to crime. The techniques the police follow to fight crime could be divided into two section. The first section is the traditional approaches and that include random patrol and response, Stop and search, investigation and detection, intensive enforcement or zero deterrence (Khrn, 2013) .The other section is the developed approaches which term ‘targeted policing’ and that include hotspots policing, tackling repeat victimisation, focused deterrence (Khrn,2013).However, this essay we will only be discuss random patrol ,stop and search ,hotspots policing and focused deterrence. It will also identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms and to what extent they are function al and how they could be developed. To be able to understand the developments of police and policing it is better to define each concept so we can distinguish between each concept. Policing is a set of tasks necessary to maintain social order and could be carried by person or institution ,while the ‘police’ is one example of social institution organized by the state to formally carry the task policing (McLaughlin Muncie, 2013:319).However, The development of the police relate strongly to the development of the stateShow MoreRelatedThe Concepts Of A New Criminal Justice System1695 Words   |  7 Pageswill examine the concepts of a new criminal justice. It will also discuss why the concept requires the involvement of the entire community and why it may be difficult to implement. There will also be information on programs that promote safe neighborhoods and why communities may like and dislike these different programs. A new criminal justice is a theory that has been talked about for plenty of years now. In many cases this theory is to improve the criminal justice system and make it better for notRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreAdministrator Challenges Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthe criminal justice administration in the police department. I will also describe what I consider being the major issues and satisfactions of that particular role. Finally, I will discuss if this course helped prepare me? If not, what might improve the course? To understand and comprehend what a criminal justice administrator job functions are we must first define these two words Criminal Justice, Administrator of Criminal Justice and Police Administrator. Criminal Justice – Is the system of lawRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalle ger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit crimes. Crime increases when theRead MoreEssay on Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation1584 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation Paper Jerry J Lynch Jr February 20, 2012 CJA/394 - Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice Darren Gil, Faculty University of Phoenix Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice field is an ever evolving field. As today’s technology changes so does the way the criminal justice field interacts with that technology. As our society changes the technology that we use will also be altered to fit the situation. The barriersRead MoreCriminal Justice1385 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Criminal justice Criminal Justice Trends Criminal justice field is growing every day. It grows with the help of technology and society. When the technology evolves and society grows the criminal justice has to evolve and grow to fit the society needs. Whether it is an easy or hard change the criminal justice system never fails us. With any state the criminal justice system is to protect and serve the community so the more it evolves the more the system has to. The followingRead MoreOrganizational Theory671 Words   |  3 PagesGil Southern University at New Orleans Abstract I will discuss the basis of an organizational theory as it applies to the criminal justice system. I am discussing and giving a clear understanding of the criminal justice system as an organization of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. police, within one city. I will also discuss how New Orleans Police Department was created throughoutRead MoreThe New South Wale s Criminal Justice System1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe New South Wale’s criminal justice system aims to meet the needs of its society through its role in maintaining fairness, justice and equality. However, many flaws and faults still exist in the system that does not always result in the most beneficial outcome for the whole community. From the inappropriate use of a jury in the criminal trial process, the misuse of powers from law enforcement agencies such as the police and the unfair bail conditions for young offenders, it can be seen that theRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the village. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest,

The New Hope Antipoverty Program Essay - 1501 Words

The New Hope Antipoverty Program â€Å"If you work, you should not be poor† (Duncan 1). This quote is essentially the theme of the book, Higher Ground: New Hope for the Working Poor and Their Children, as well as the motivation of the founders of the New Hope Antipoverty Program. This experimental program was implemented in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1994. The goal of the program was to help low skilled and low-wage working individuals whom did not receive all the benefits they deserved because of their low incomes. One thousand three hundred and fifty-seven low-income adults, living in the two poorest neighborhoods of that city, volunteered to take part in the study to see how effective this experimental program would be. The participants were all randomly assigned, and half of them would receive the New Hope benefits while the other half served as a control group that would not receive the benefits. These benefits included earning supplements, subsidized childcare, and subsidiz ed health care to anyone who would work weekly, full time (thirty hours per week). If you could not find a job, the program offered community service jobs for up to six months, paying minimum wage (Duncan 3-4, 12). The study lasted for three years and the results were tremendously encouraging. The MDRC concluded in their evaluation that, â€Å"Overall, New Hope increased employment and earnings, leading in turn to increased income...and enabling more low-income workers to earn their way out of poverty†¦New HopeShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 Pageswith a slightly different focus. In a paper discussing the effects of antipoverty programs on children’s cumulative levels of poverty-related risk (Gassman-Pines and Yoshikawa, 2006), the conclusion reached was that overall reduction in the cumulative effects of poverty was much more important than any individual risk factor. This paper acknowledged much previous research in presenting analy tical statistics, based upon New Hope and MFIP samples, confirming that the greater the cumulative effects ofRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 Pageswith a slightly different focus. In a paper discussing the effects of antipoverty programs on children’s cumulative levels of poverty-related risk (Gassman-Pines and Yoshikawa, 2006), the conclusion reached was that overall reduction in the cumulative effects of poverty was much more important than any individual risk factor. This paper acknowledged much previous research in presenting analytical statistics, based upon New Hope and MFIP samples, confirming that the greater the cumulative effects ofRead MoreEffects of Poverty on Children: Literature Review Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pageswith a slightly different focus. In a paper discussing the effects of antipoverty programs on children’s cumulative levels of poverty-related risk (Gassman-Pines and Yoshikawa, 2006), the conclusion reached was tha t overall reduction in the cumulative effects of poverty was much more important than any individual risk factor. This paper acknowledged much previous research in presenting analytical statistics, based upon New Hope and MFIP samples, confirming that the greater the cumulative effects ofRead MorePoverty : The Greatest Tragedy Of Life1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthe minimum wage would be a good start in the right direction. A large amount of people who are affected by the poverty epidemic are single mothers and single fathers. Struggling to make ends meet with their children watching has become Americas’ new normal not like years past. Statistics show that single females seem to have it the worst part of the poverty epidemic in America. Women still get paid .78 cents to every dollar ($1.00) that her male counterparts gets payed, Closing the gender wageRead MorePersuasive Essay : Profiting From A Child s Illiteracy 1345 Words   |  6 Pagesshocking facts which excite and even anger the audience. There are many issues in our society that when mentioned make us want immediate action. An example of this is anything dealing with children. Nicholas Kristof is the author of the December 7th, 2012 New York Times article entitled â€Å"Profiting From a Child’s Illiteracy.† In the article, Kristof covers the controversial topic of parents purposefully pulling their children out of sch ool in order to collect a monthly disability check, therefore, renderingRead MorePoverty Is A National Epidemic That Plagues Americans Across The Country Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision of whether to buy toothpaste, toilet paper, or laundry soap. Which is most important, which will have the largest effect on the outcome of one s life? Could something so small really change a person s ability to survive? Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia states that â€Å"poverty is the economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain certain minimal levels of health services, food, housing, clothing, and education generally recognized as necessary to ensure an adequateRead MoreWelfare Drug Testing Essay example2267 Words   |  10 Pagesall costs. With some trillion dollars owed to various foreign countries, the United States literally cannot afford to pump money into programs that do not benefit the country as a whole. Michael Tanner, who is the Director of Healt h and Welfare studies at the Cato Institute, reports that this year the Federal government will spend 952,000,000,000 dollars on programs to help the poor (10). While some of this money goes to people who truly need it, there are many people that take advantage of the kindnessRead MoreThe World Of The Xxi Century Associated With The United States1326 Words   |  6 PagesStates. Without enough amount of cash, people can afford to eat basic food, and they become living in poverty. On the other hand, cultural definition define life without money, lifestyle, and cultural values. For example, people need to life with hope, with somebody by their side with love and happiness. Without those attributes, people’s lives become hopelessness with feeling of isolation (225). Therefore, the economic definition of poverty include two categories: absolute and relative definitionRead MoreGenerational Poverty Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesmanufacturing jobs has resulted in many folks going back to generational poverty. In a lot of cases, there are a growth of new jobs but these jobs tends to come with low pay and no benefits, which can further prevent breaking out of the cycle poverty. Also, multiple income based antipoverty programs can have a negative impact of work incentives. This is due to the fact these programs have to be funded with funds that could be used to pay workers to help them overcome poverty. The fourth complex factorRead MorePaper2223 Words   |  9 Pageswho had threatened a similar march, it was the largest public demonstration in the nation’s history at that time. Calls for the passage of a civil rights bill pending before Congress took center stage. The march’s goals also included a public-works program to reduce unem ployment, an increase in the minimum wage, and a law barring discrimination in employment. Q2. In what ways were President Kennedy’s foreign policy decisions shaped by Cold War ideology? Like his predecessors, Kennedy viewed the entire

Life, Death and Suny Application Essay Topics

Life, Death and Suny Application Essay Topics What You Don't Know About Suny Application Essay Topics If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact essay as you! There's no one best approach to compose the college entrance essay. If you choose you need to speak about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, a very good method to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. In general, there's no single correct topic. Developing very good writing skills are able to help you go a ways in churning out a career in professional writing. Let's work out how to compose an essay that will stick out among the other students' submissions. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the legitimate collection of the very best. You're writing a college application essay, and you must know about your audience. Writing in college often requires the shape of persuasionconvincing others that you've got an interesting, logical viewpoint on the subject you're studying the matter, or topic, of an essay may be world war ii or moby dick a thesis must. There are not many important points an assessor looks into when he's analyzing an essay. It is essential that you establish the subject of the essay initially and then let it flow the standard course by using metaphors, symbolic moments, or important incidents to relate to the general story. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised. Your solution shouldn't be a book report. Who knowsthe reply to that question may be the foundation for your admission essay. There might be personal information which you want considered as a member of your admissions application. Keep in mind that the Common App provides you with creative license. Try to experience the site, read student experiences or even pay a visit to the school possible to recognize unique facets of the school which resonate with you. You desire the admissions officer to find that you're worthy of being admitted to their school. College will change you. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a great fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Picture a tale you'd be interested in analysis. Identifying all the essays you must write as part of your college application procedure will make it far easier that you discover what you ought to be sharing with admissions officers and where you need to be sharing it. Enhancing your writing skills is among the most significant things you can do in order to prepare for college applications. The 30-Second Trick for Suny Application Essay Topics One of the most difficult elements of college life is finances. At the exact same time, you are going to impress the college admissions folks greatly if it's possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. Preparation for college needs a lot of patience and good deal of imagination. Also, try to remember that no college is eager to admit a person who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. Unfortunately, stumbling in the TMI zone of essay topics is more prevalent than you believe. 1 approach to get started coming up with interesting suggestions for your Common App essay is to take a look at the instructions. Some undesirable topics show admissions officers which you don't have a superior awareness of judgment or maturity, which is a problem as they are building a category of college students who have in order to manage independent life on campus. From time to time, even when you're writing about an interesting, relevant subject, you can nonetheless appear immature or unready for college life due to the manner in which you present that topic the way you truly write your own personal statement. Facts, Fiction and Suny Application Essay Topics Clients are definitely the most important portion of our work. Our professionals are readily available to personalize your topic to the particular application requirements. The I-20 form is just one of several documents you ha ve to make an application for a student visa. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost always short which makes many possible applicants worry they will be unable to submit their sample essay for MBA application punctually.

Taking a Look at Expedia Inc. - 885 Words

1. Expedia.Inc is a travel website company which is localized in 29 countries with the headquarters in Bellevue. The American based company is the parent company of numerous travel brands including the Expedia.com. The website books the travel tickets, vacation packages, hotel reservations and a lot more services for its customers through the internet based tools and telephone. Expedia.Com was founded in 1996 as the division of Microsoft and further developed into the Current form of Expedia.Com. The travel brands that are working under Expedia. Inc are eLong.com, classic vacations, Expedia, Hotels.com, Egencia, Expedia Local Expert, Hotwire Group and Vebere.com. It was created by the Rich Barton and Lloyd Frink and can be utilized by almost every country around the globe. (Inside Expedia, online) The online travel agency is one of the leading travel companies which is working online. The Expedia.Com offers the customers plans and services to travel around the world and to reserve the places of their choice. Expedia is currently working through Facebook, mobile apps and website offering the customers to find out new travel destinations, ideas and information about the hotels, flights and car rentals. The website also offers to book their flights and purchase the travel to travel to their destinations. Expedia are constantly looking for new travel destinations, hotels and flights for the customers and offer their best services anywhere in the world. The website is speciallyShow MoreRelatedExpedia, Marketing Strategy5964 Words   |  24 PagesTargeting 8 3.7 Choice of Positioning 9 3.8 Marketing Strategy 10 4. Conclusion 16 5. References/Bibliography 17 2 1. Introduction This paper has been produced for the Marketing course and deals with the company profile of Expedia, Inc and its marketing strategy. Expedia, Inc is a totally Internet-based distributor of travel products and services, offering everything from flights, accommodations, car rentals, cruises to travel packages, thus encouraging customers to use their facilities to book theRead MoreExpedia, Marketing Strategy5973 Words   |  24 PagesTargeting 8 3.7 Choice of Positioning 9 3.8 Marketing Strategy 10 4. Conclusion 16 5. References/Bibliography 17 2 1. Introduction This paper has been produced for the Marketing course and deals with the company profile of Expedia, Inc and its marketing strategy. Expedia, Inc is a totally Internet-based distributor of travel products and services, offering everything from flights, accommodations, car rentals, cruises to travel packages, thus encouraging customers to use their facilities to book theRead MoreService Encounters2186 Words   |  9 Pagesmix established by Boom and Bitner (cited in Bitner, 1990). These elements include: physical evidence, people and process elements of service mechanisms (Bitner, 1990). Results from the customer reviews analysed found that 96% of reviewers on Expedia would recommend the hotel to others, whereas 91% of TripAdvisor reviewers gave it an above average rating. The main positively perceived factor by customers was the location of the hotel. However, many key service failures and complications haveRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Amazon.com, Inc. Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesAmazon.com, Inc. extended amid the late 1990s to offer the World s Biggest Selection of books, CDs, recordings, DVDs, hardware, toys, devices, home decorations and housewares, clothing, and kitchen contraptions (Funding Universe, 2016). Through outsider assertions, Amazon.com likewise offers items from surely understood retailers including Toysrus.com Inc., Target Corporation, Circuit City Stores Inc., the Borders Group, Waterstones, Expedia Inc., Hotwire, National Leisure Group Inc., and VirginRead MoreThe Virgin Group : Virgin America Inc.1511 Words   |  7 Pagesconcentrate on the airline sector of the Virgin Group. Virgin-branded airlines include: Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Galactic, Virgin Australia and Virgin America. In this analysis, we will take an in-depth look at the external, internal and SWOT analysis for Virgin America Airlin e. Virgin America Virgin America Inc., is an American airline under the Virgin Group that was founded in 2004 by Sir Richard Branson, but it was not until 2007 Virgin America began its operations. It was the vision that the VirginRead MoreNetflix Is A Global Provider Of Streaming Movies And Television Series Online Essay2430 Words   |  10 Pagesworkers are allowed to do what they felt was best for the company if money needs is involved they do not need an approval from their manager. They are even allowed to get unlimited vacation Netflix treats all their employees like Adults as long as they look do what is best for the company. They get paid really well and want them to know they have freedom in the company so they can be able to take risks and innovate without being judged in the process. With this strategy it helps employees contribute toRead MoreMgt 450 - Week 5 Final Paper4034 Words   |  17 Pagesdecisions that range from what the company will produce, to how it will compete in its indust ry, to how it will grow over time. At the heart of strategic management is strategic planning. In this paper, the company Dollar Thrifty Automotive Group, Inc., will be analyzed as a strategic plan is presented in regards to growing the business over the next three years. Also, a plan for the measurement of the acting strategic plans success will be laid out as well. Overall, it will be shown that DTAG canRead MoreMotivation in the Work Place1905 Words   |  8 Pagesproductive performance but also show employees the company cares When flying off into the sunset or anywhere airline prices was at a reasonable rate. One of the great benefits within the travel and tourism industry is having instant database access to look for good deals when vacationing. When people in the travel industry realized the potential of the internet to reach the public their eyes lit up. The internet was a wonderful way to get information to travelers all over the world. If there was a hotelRead MorePricing Strategies of Hilton Hotel2228 Words   |  9 Pagesunder control, by regarding what they want and need firstly. Embassy is the hotel, which designed to take guests in mind. Doubletree Hotels provide full-service restaurants, room service, integrated meeting facilities and other comforts, which guests look forward to in a upscale hotel, cater to the most business travellers. However, Homewood Suites by Hilton is a informal, all-suite hotel brand, which catering to those who are looking for a homelike hotel for several days when in the travel. The excessRead MoreTeam B NETW 600 Course Final Project Paper9539 Words   |  39 Pagesï » ¿Travel Agency, Inc. Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 3 II. Background Definition 3 a) Trends and Projections 4 b) Competition 4 III. Problem Definitions 5 a) Infrastructure 5 1. Cabling 5 2. Disaster Recovery 5 3. Equipment Life Cycles 6 b) Security 6 c) No Internal VoIP 6 d) Inability to Switch to Telecommute Employees 6 e) Turnover Rate 6 f) E-Commerce 6 g) Reducing Infrastructure Costs 7 h) Call-Volume Efficiency 7 IV. Requirements Definition 7 a) Project Goals and Objectives 7 b) Project

Creating market value for consumers Free Essays

The plan is for the creation of an ethnic Arabian/ Middle Eastern restaurant offering entertainment programs in Fairfield County, Connecticut. Arabian Nights is a trendy new ethnic restaurant located in Fairfield, Connecticut. The emphasis of the restaurant is going to be Oriental cuisine, with up-to-date and traditional recipes. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating market value for consumers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Besides, Arabian Nights will offer regular simple dishes for the companions of the consumers who for some reason are not attracted by the rich and spicy Oriental food. The restaurant will also offer evening shows featuring costume displays, fashion shows, dancing, and singing so that customers could taste a flavor of the Orient. In our opinion, the market need for the creation of this product is conditioned by the relative scarcity of ethnic cuisine offerings in the vicinity of Fairfiled, CT. The area also misses rich entertainment possibilities. The interest in ethnic foods surges in the US market as people are increasingly dining out and their tastes shift towards gourmet cuisine. Bakers’ Dozen report on food service trends for 2004 cites the trend for original ethnic foods as one of the most important for the year. The authors of the study believe that the original recipes will increasingly replace â€Å"mall ethnic fare† that is typically â€Å"Americanized version of ethnic food† (Bakers’ Dozen 2004). As one can see from the Megasite Guide to Dining, Fairfield county restaurant owners offer their customers predominantly uniform meal styles, flavored by some intermittent Chinese, Japanese and European ethnic cuisines (Megasite Guide to Dining). In part this is conditioned by the relative lack of ethnic diversity in the area cited by the participants of the high school focus group (Long Range Plan 2001-2006). Arabian Nights will be the first restaurant in the area that will combine eating out with entertainment. The shows will be relatively low-priced as compared to the offerings of the entertainment places like concert halls and theaters ($6-10 per person admission fee on the night of the performance), and will add excitement to the evening out experience. The restaurant will cater both to those who are interested in the Middle Eastern culture and customs and those who have only a fleeting wish to get an exotic meal. The decorations of the interior will feature paintings of the Arabian lifestyle, exquisitely designed modern and ancient maps of the region and a few recipes of the simplest Middle Eastern foods set in trendy frames. In the future, the restaurant will aspire to become the renowned local venue and a community specialty. The focus of the restaurant will be on both food and entertainment. Considering the public’s interest in exotic dishes, Arabian Nights will offer the Oriental food, the area untapped by other fashion restaurants in the vicinity. As today’s public is taking an interest in health diet, the restaurant needs to emphasize the fact that it is using healthy ingredients, and the food is not fattening. The potential customers will include young couples in their 20s and 30s, as well as older public. The potential visitors will be also couples with kids who might take an interest in the show and educational displays in the establishment. The message of the product offerings will be communicated to consumers using various communication channels. The primary vehicle will be advertising including ads in local newspapers, quick commercials on local TV channels, and Internet ads placed on websites on local entertainment and dining opportunities. Besides, the first shows are expected to attract a great deal of publicity that will be supported by the company’s pres releases. The restaurant hoped to achieve publicity also by granting support to the local â€Å"Feed the Hungry† programs. Works Cited Bakers’ Dozen Foodservice Trends: Trends for 2004. Retrieved Jan.12, 2004 from the Hubert Company website: http://www.hubert.com/pdf/hubert-foodservice-trends.pdf Fairfield Public Library. Long Range Plan 2001-2006. Part 9 – Appendix A. Focus Group Results. Retrieved Jan.12, 2004 Megasite Guide to Dining. Current Restaurants, Caterers and Delicatessens. Retrieved Jan.12, 2004 from Megasite Guide to Dining: http://www.culinarymenus.com/current.htm    How to cite Creating market value for consumers, Essay examples

Extreme Heat Events Bureau of Meteorology

Question: Describe about the Extreme Heat Events for Bureau of Meteorology. Answer: 1. A1. Two definition of heatwave Heat wave can be defined as climatic conditions that are generally short term, unpredictable and uncomfortable. The Bureau of meteorology provides a universal definition and it is based on the long term weather analysis that consent the impact of weather instantly preceding the heat wave (Armstrong, 2006). a) Way the definition differ On analyzing the two definition it is observed that the first one define heat wave as short term climatic condition and it is unpredictable and uncomfortable while the second promote the long term weather and how it influence the weather before the heat wave sets in (Le et al., 2006). b) Heat wave definition to be used internationally highlighting merits The definition provided by Bureau of meteorology (BOM) provides a universal definition and it can be used as the international definition and the merit of the definition is it varies with location as it is related with environment and people exposed to the heat wave (Armstrong, 2006). c) Consequences of not having an internationally agreed definition The consequence of not having an internationally agreed definition is both positive and negative. The negative consequence is the global meeting related with heat wave is always confusing with every country following different definition (Villamil et al., 2005). The positive consequence is each country has different environment and the peoples exposure is different so it has to be different. 2. A1. Factors contributing to susceptibility of harm during events of extreme heat The risk of heat stress is greater among the exposed population like old people and homeless people. There has been an excess death among the people aged 75 years and above in Spain. This is because the capacity of the old people to maintain a normal body temperature reduces because of dehydration during the excessive hot weather which also includes chronic illness and aging, prescribed medication and other social factors (Le et al., 2006). There has been an increased death during heat waves which are common among the elderly. Since the impact of heat waves on public health depends upon the level of exposure, it also affects the homeless people who are directly exposed to the heat. 14 homeless people died in Arizona due to their exposure to heat waves. A2. Reasons for older people and homeless people to get the priority in public heath Homeless people are among the heterogeneous group whose health promotion requirements are not sufficiently met. Promoting health among the homeless people should be done in an educative as well as a practical method by taking into account their requirements and providing housing to them. Because of their age, older people are more susceptible to harm due to heat waves and there are also other characteristics which enhances their vulnerability (Villamil et al., 2005). Older people are detrimental to physical impacts like dehydration and the symptoms become worse like respiratory illnesses as well as heart diseases because of the heat waves. Older people may not have the ability to get adapted to high temperatures if they are bed bound or are unable to care for themselves for illnesses like dementia and degenerative illness. Thus comparing with classmates it is evident that older and homeless people needs priority in public health. 3. A1. Understanding of the urban heat island effect As the temperatures is rising on average with the growth in the extreme heat days every year it is becoming essential for the cities to identify methods to cool (Canoui et al., 2006). As three quarters of the people in Australia dwell in urban, it is becoming a major health issue to combat urban heat island effect. A2. Strategy to reduce the urban heat island effect Cool Houston is a strategy designed by eight countries covering the region of Houston to cool the area to minimize the urban heat island effect that aims at transforming the surface (Canoui et al., 2006). It has 10 year goals and promotes cool paving, tress and roofing and quality of air, water and life. 4. A1. Cause of power failures occurring during a heatwave The cause of power failures occurring during a heatwave is related with the increase in the demand of electricity suddenly as more people start using air conditioning to avoid mortality resulting from the heatwave. In 2009 heatwave the disruption to electricity supplies was observed in Victoria (Kovats and Hajat , 2008). A2. Impact of power failure on public health The impact of power failure on public health is significant as it will be difficult for people to use air conditioning that can help them protect themselves from the heat wave (Kovats and Hajat , 2008). The lack of air conditioning was directly related with the poor urban elderly people impacted by hat stroke. A3. Minimizing the health impacts when the supply of electricity fails When the supply of electricity fails then the health impacts can be minimized by improving the ventilation in the house that can protect the people from heatwave. The rooms planned with proper windows can also recue the health impact (Matthies and Menne , 2009). 5. A1. Learning from studying the module The three point learnt are Heat wave has direct impact on the health condition of people. Heat waves are normally related with other hazards like power failures, fires, water supplies, air pollution and economic loss. Heat wave is a silent killer. A2. New information helping public health practitioner There is no debate that the new information will help public health practitioner as it explain the direct and indirect impact of heatwave and identify the short and long term measures that can be taken by health care provider to reduce the impact of heatwave on public health (Matthies and Menne , 2009). References Armstrong B. Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidemiology. 2006 Nov 1;17(6):624-31. Canoui-Poitrine F, Cadot E, Spira A. Excess deaths during the August 2003 heat wave in Paris, France. Revue d'pidmiologie et de sant publique. 2006 Apr 30;54(2):127-35. Kovats RS, Hajat S. Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 2008 Apr 21;29:41-55. Le Tertre A, Lefranc A, Eilstein D, Declercq C, Medina S, Blanchard M, Chardon B, Fabre P, Filleul L, Jusot JF, Pascal L. Impact of the 2003 heatwave on all-cause mortality in 9 French cities. Epidemiology. 2006 Jan 1;17(1):75-9. Matthies F, Menne B. Prevention and management of health hazards related to heatwaves. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2009 Feb 1;68(1). Villamil CI, Daz PJ, Villacian VG, Snchez LJ, Garca SF, Saborido FJ, Iglesias GM. [Health impact of 2003 heat wave at Hospital de Riveira (A Coruna)]. InAnales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain: 1984) 2005 Jan (Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 15-20).